CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF DIAMOND

Diamond is composed of a single chemical element, the carbon crystal.
Because of its compact atomic structure, the colouring elements that give other gems their colour cannot penetrate, but coloured specimens do exist. It is boron, hydrogen, nitrogen, as well as imperfections in the crystal structure (colour centres) that cause the colour of Fancy Diamonds.

The diamond cut

Cut is the most important factor in the 4Cs and indicates the way a diamond's facets react to light.
It is determined by symmetry, proportion and polish. Cut determines the beauty of a gemstone more than any other factor

In short, the cut is responsible for the quality of a diamond's sparkle.
If a diamond is badly cut, it will appear dull even if it has a high degree of colour and clarity.
If a diamond is cut well, it reflects and refracts light, bringing out the maximum brilliance and sparkle.

The purity of the diamond

Diamond clarity is a parameter used to assess the clarity and rarity of a gemstone, based on the visibility of these characteristics at 10-fold magnification.
A gemstone is considered to be free of imperfections if, at 10-fold magnification, neither inclusions (internal defects) nor defects (external imperfections) are visible.

The Karati weight of diamonds

Carat weight can vary depending on the shape of a diamond, including brilliant, princess, oval, cushion, marquise, emerald and radiant or heart cut.
A diamond may have a higher carat weight without appearing larger, while the size of two diamonds of the same carat weight may vary if one of them is cut larger.
In other words, it is important to note that carat weight does not necessarily indicate size.